Can You Legally Own Squirrels as Pets? Laws & Rules

You cannot legally own a squirrel as a pet in most U.S. states without a wildlife rehabilitation permit or special exemption. Federal and state laws classify squirrels as native wildlife, restricting private ownership to protect ecosystems and public health.

This guide covers the exact legal framework, permit processes, state-specific rules, and penalties for illegal ownership. If you’re considering a squirrel as a pet, read this first to avoid fines or confiscation.

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Federal Laws

Squirrels fall under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA, 16 U.S.C. § 703–712) and the Lacey Act (16 U.S.C. § 3371–3378), which prohibit the possession, sale, or transport of native wildlife without federal permits. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) enforces these laws but rarely issues permits for pet ownership. Exceptions exist only for:

• Licensed wildlife rehabilitators (50 CFR § 21.12)
• Educational or scientific institutions (50 CFR § 13.21)

State Laws

State wildlife agencies regulate squirrel ownership under state-specific codes. Rules vary widely:

Note: Even in states where permits exist, they are typically issued only for rehabilitation, education, or research—not personal pet ownership.

Municipal & County Rules

Some cities or counties impose additional restrictions. For example:

• Los Angeles County (CA): Bans all native wildlife possession under County Code § 10.44.010.
• Cook County (IL): Requires a wildlife permit for any native species, including squirrels.

Action Step: Always check your local ordinances via your city or county government website.

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1. Determine Your State’s Legal Status

• Visit your state wildlife agency’s website (e.g., California DFW, Texas TPWD).
• Search for "exotic pet laws" or "wildlife possession permits."
• Look for terms like "prohibited species list" or "native wildlife restrictions."

2. Apply for a Wildlife Permit (If Allowed)

If your state permits squirrel ownership (e.g., Ohio, rare cases in Texas), follow these steps:

Required Documents

• Application form (e.g., Ohio’s Wildlife Propagation Permit)
• Proof of experience (e.g., prior wildlife rehabilitation work)
• Inspection of facilities (caging, veterinary access, escape-proofing)
• Veterinarian letter (confirming ability to provide care)
• Fee payment ($25–$200, depending on state)

Typical Wait Time

• 30–90 days for processing.
• Denials are common for pet ownership requests.

Where to Submit

• Online portals (e.g., Texas Online Permitting System)
• Mail or in-person to your state wildlife agency.

3. Obtain a Federal Permit (If Required)

If you plan to transport squirrels across state lines or keep a migratory species (e.g., eastern gray squirrel), you may need a USFWS permit:

• Form 3-200-64: Application for a Wildlife Rehabilitation Permit.
• Fee: $100–$200.
• Processing time: 60–120 days.

Note: Federal permits are not issued for pet ownership—only for rehabilitation or education.

4. Source a Squirrel Legally

Even with a permit, you cannot capture a wild squirrel. Legal sources include:

• Licensed wildlife rehabilitators (with proper documentation).
• Breeders with state permits (rare; most states ban commercial breeding).
• Rescues (some states allow transfers from rehabbers).

Warning: Purchasing squirrels online (e.g., Craigslist, Facebook) is illegal in most states and may result in confiscation.

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Compliance Mistakes to Avoid

1. Assuming "No Law = Legal"
• Many states do not explicitly ban squirrels but regulate them under broader wildlife laws. Ignorance is not a defense.
2. Buying from Unlicensed Sellers
• Online sales (e.g., "pet squirrels for sale") are almost always illegal. Sellers often lack permits.
3. Failing to Renew Permits
• Most permits expire annually. Lapsed permits can lead to fines or confiscation.
4. Improper Housing
• States require specific caging standards (e.g., escape-proof, minimum dimensions). Non-compliance can void permits.

Exceptions (Where Ownership May Be Allowed)

• Wildlife Rehabilitators: Can temporarily care for injured squirrels but must release them.
• Educational Facilities: Zoos or schools may obtain permits for display or research.
• Non-Native Species: Some states allow non-native squirrels (e.g., Indian palm squirrels) with permits. Check your state’s exotic pet list.

Penalties for Illegal Ownership

Real-World Example: In 2022, a Texas man was fined $5,000 and had his pet squirrel confiscated after posting videos online. The state cited Texas Parks & Wildlife Code § 43.022 (illegal possession of native wildlife).

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Can I keep a baby squirrel I found?

No. Even if injured, you must surrender it to a licensed wildlife rehabilitator within 48 hours (varies by state). Keeping it without a permit is illegal.

What happens if I get caught with a pet squirrel?

Authorities will confiscate the squirrel, issue a fine, and may press criminal charges (misdemeanor or felony, depending on state law).

How long does it take to get a wildlife permit?

30–120 days, depending on the state and permit type. Federal permits take longer (60–120 days).

Can I own a squirrel in Florida?

No. Florida requires a Class III permit for native wildlife, and squirrels are not eligible for pet ownership. Only licensed rehabbers or educators may apply.

Are there any states where squirrels are legal without a permit?

No. All states regulate native wildlife. Some (e.g., Ohio) allow permits, but no state permits pet ownership without restrictions.

What should I do if I already have a pet squirrel?

1. Contact your state wildlife agency immediately.
2. Surrender the squirrel to a licensed rehabber to avoid penalties.
3. Do not release it into the wild—this is illegal and harmful to ecosystems.

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Immediate Action Plan

• ✅Step 1: Check your state wildlife agency’s website for squirrel regulations.
• ✅Step 2: Search for "[Your State] wildlife possession permit" to find application forms.
• ✅Step 3: Contact a licensed wildlife rehabilitator if you found an injured squirrel.
• ✅Step 4: Review local ordinances (city/county) for additional restrictions.
• ✅Step 5: If considering a permit, gather proof of experience, vet letters, and facility plans.

Official Contact Portals

Disclaimer: This article is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute formal legal advice and does not establish an attorney-client relationship. Laws change frequently; consult your state wildlife agency or a licensed attorney for current guidance.